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Hill Cipher Online Encoder & Decoder
Hill Cipher Tool: Online Encoder & Decoder with Matrix Encryption | Calctoolify What is the Hill Cipher? The Hill Cipher, invented by Lester S. Hill in 1929, is a polygraphic substitution cipher that uses linear algebra to encrypt/decrypt text. Unlike simpler ciphers (e.g., Caesar), it processes letters in blocks using a numeric key matrix. Note:…
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Playfair Cipher Online Encoder & Decoder
Playfair Cipher Tool: Encoder & Decoder Online (Free) | Calctoolify What is the Playfair Cipher? Invented by Charles Wheatstone in 1854 and popularized by Lord Playfair, this digraph substitution cipher encrypts pairs of letters (digraphs) using a 5×5 key matrix. It was used by militaries before modern cryptography. Note: This tool is for educational purposes…
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Rail Fence Cipher Online – Zigzag Cipher
Rail Fence Cipher (Zigzag) Tool: Encode & Decode Online | Calctoolify What is the Rail Fence Cipher? The Rail Fence Cipher is a transposition cipher used since ancient times. It arranges plaintext in a zigzag pattern across “rails” (rows) before reading it row-wise to create ciphertext. Note: This tool is for educational purposes only. The…
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One-Time Pad (Vernam Cipher) Encoder & Decoder Online
One-Time Pad (Vernam Cipher) Tool: Secure Encryption Online | Calctoolify What is the One-Time Pad? Invented in 1882 and later proven unbreakable by Claude Shannon in 1949, the One-Time Pad (OTP) is the only theoretically unbreakable cipher when implemented correctly. This tool demonstrates its principles using alphabetic characters. ⚠️ Critical Security Note: This web demo…
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Caesar Cipher Encoder & Decoder Online
Caesar Cipher Tool: Encode & Decode Online (Free) | Calctoolify Caesar Cipher Encoder & Decoder Online The Caesar Cipher is one of the oldest encryption techniques, used by Julius Caesar to protect military messages. This free online tool lets you encode/decode text using the Caesar Cipher method with customizable shift values. Perfect for learning cryptography…
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Prime Factorization Tool
Prime Factorization Tool | Calculate Prime Factors Online – CalcToolify Prime Factorization Tool Prime factorization is the process of decomposing a composite number into a product of its prime factors. Every composite number can be expressed as a unique product of prime numbers. Find prime factors of any number with step-by-step solutions This tool works…
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GCD and LCM Calculator
GCD and LCM Calculator | CalcToolify GCD and LCM Calculator with Step-by-Step Solutions Calculate Greatest Common Divisor and Least Common Multiple instantly with detailed explanations Our free online tool helps students, teachers, and professionals find GCD and LCM values quickly while understanding the underlying mathematical concepts through step-by-step solutions. GCD and LCM Calculator Works on…
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Modulo Calculator with Steps – Remainder Finder
Modulo Calculator with Steps | Find Remainders Easily | CalcToolify Modulo Calculator with Step-by-Step Solutions Calculate remainders and understand modular arithmetic with detailed explanations Our modulo calculator helps you find the remainder of division operations with clear step-by-step solutions. Perfect for math students, programmers, and anyone working with modular arithmetic. Modulo Calculator with Steps Calculate…
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Basic Arithmetic Calculator
Basic Arithmetic Calculator Online | Free Calculator with Steps | CalcToolify Basic Arithmetic Calculator with Step-by-Step Solutions Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with detailed explanations Our free online calculator helps you solve basic arithmetic problems with clear step-by-step solutions. Perfect for students, professionals, and everyday math calculations. Basic Arithmetic Calculator Works on all modern…
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Percentage Calculator
Percentage Calculator | CalcToolify – Calculate Discounts, Markups & More Percentage Calculator for discounts and more Our percentage calculator includes four specialized tools: Basic Percentage Calculator (X% of Y), Discount Calculator, Markup Calculator, and Percentage Difference Calculator. Get instant results with step-by-step explanations. Basic Percentage of Calculate Result Discount Calculator Calculate Discount Discount Details Markup…